Ritual Horse head

South India 

19th century (after 1850)

Wood with colorful pigments

L 90 cm x W 33 x D 26 cm

Private French collection

In South India, especially in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, this type of horse’s head was traditionally mounted on the front of ceremonial carts (ratha) dedicated to Aiyanar, a local guardian god. The horses represented the gods’ mounts and symbolised strength, speed and protection.

The vibrant paintwork in red, yellow and green was meant to make the figures stand out during processions. The thick, rope-like lines were intended to imitate ornaments such as bridles or other temple decorations.

The carving style marked by strong rhythmic lines, large expressive eyes, and the use of polychromy is characteristic of Tamil Nadu art, especially within the Aiyanar cult.

Aiyanar is a guardian deity often depicted on or with large wooden or terracotta horses, sometimes standing alone as village protector.

These horse heads, and sometimes complete horses, were frequently placed near an Aiyanar shrine within the village.